The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to certification, accreditation, inspection and testing. In February 2018, when General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered a work report on behalf of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, he specifically mentioned "promoting the construction of a quality certification system." In January 2018, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Quality Certification System and Promoting Total Quality Management", which clearly regards quality certification as an "important starting point for advancing the supply-side structural reform and decentralization, management, and service reform". Make a full deployment. In the "Deepening Party and State Institutional Reform Program" adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, the State Administration for Market Supervision "unified management of measurement standards, inspection and testing, certification and accreditation", and "National Certification and Accreditation Administration Commission's responsibilities are included in market supervision Manage the General Administration and keep the brand to the outside." Certification, accreditation, inspection and testing will play an increasingly important role in strengthening market supervision, optimizing the business environment, and promoting high-quality economic development.
1. Certification, accreditation, inspection and testing is the basic system of market economy
(1) Concept and connotation
1. The concept of national quality infrastructure
The concept of National Quality Infrastructure (NQI) was first proposed by the United Nations Trade Development Organization (UNCTAD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2005. In 2006, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) formally proposed the concept of national quality infrastructure, which referred to measurement, standardization, and conformity assessment (certification, accreditation, inspection and testing as the main content) as the national quality foundation. Three pillars, these three constitute a complete technology chain, which are important technical means for the government and enterprises to increase productivity, maintain life and health, protect consumer rights, protect the environment, maintain safety and improve quality. They can effectively support social welfare, international Trade and sustainable development. So far, the concept of national quality infrastructure has been widely accepted by the international community.
In 2017, after the joint research of 10 relevant international organizations responsible for quality management, industrial development, trade development, and regulatory cooperation, it was published in the book "Quality Policy-Technical Guidelines" issued by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in 2018 A new definition of quality infrastructure is proposed. The new definition points out that quality infrastructure is a system composed of organizations (public and private) and policies, relevant legal and regulatory frameworks and practices required to support and improve the quality, safety and environmental protection of products, services and processes. At the same time, it is pointed out that the quality infrastructure system involves consumers, enterprises, quality infrastructure services, quality infrastructure public institutions, and government governance. It also emphasizes that the quality infrastructure system relies on measurement, standards, and accreditation (from conformity assessment Listed separately), conformity assessment and market surveillance.
2. The concept of conformity assessment
According to the definition in the international standard ISO/IEC17000 "Conformity Assessment Vocabulary and General Principles", Conformity Assessment refers to "the verification that the requirements related to products, processes, systems, personnel or institutions are met". The "Conformity Assessment Builds Trust" jointly published by the International Organization for Standardization and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization points out that commercial customers, consumers, users, and government officials have a strong interest in the quality, environmental protection, safety, economy, reliability, compatibility, and availability of products and services. Features such as operability, efficiency, and effectiveness have expectations, and the process of proving that these features meet the requirements of standards, regulations and other specifications is called conformity assessment.
Conformity assessment provides a means to meet these expectations in accordance with relevant standards, regulations and other specifications. It helps to ensure that products and services are delivered as required or promised. In other words, conformity assessment builds trust, can meet the needs of market economy entities, and promote the healthy development of market economy.
——For consumers, consumers can benefit from conformity assessment, because conformity assessment provides consumers with a basis for choosing products or services.
——For enterprises, manufacturers and service providers need to determine whether their products and services meet the requirements of laws, regulations, standards and specifications and provide them in accordance with customer expectations, so as to avoid losses in the market due to product failure.
——For regulatory agencies, they can also benefit from conformity assessment, because conformity assessment provides them with a means to implement laws and regulations and achieve public policy goals.
3. Main types of conformity assessment
Conformity assessment mainly includes four types: testing, inspection, certification, and accreditation. According to the definition in the international standard ISO/IEC17000 "Conformity Assessment Vocabulary and General Principles":
(1) Testing is "the activity of determining one or more characteristics of conformity assessment objects in accordance with procedures."
In layman's terms, it is an evaluation activity using equipment and equipment in accordance with technical standards and specifications, and the evaluation results are test data.
(2) Inspection (Inspection) is "the activity of reviewing product design, product, process or installation and determining its compliance with specific requirements, or determining its compliance with general requirements based on professional judgment";
In layman's terms, it is to rely on people's experience and knowledge to use test data or other evaluation information to make judgments on whether they meet relevant regulations.
(3) Certification is "third-party certification related to products, processes, systems or personnel";
In layman's terms, it refers to a conformity assessment activity in which a third-party certification body certifies that products, services, management systems, and personnel comply with relevant standards and technical specifications.
(4) Accreditation (Accreditation) is "a third-party certification formally showing that the conformity assessment body has the ability to perform specific conformity assessment work".
In layman's terms, it refers to the conformity assessment activity in which the accreditation body certifies the technical capabilities of the certification body, inspection agency, and laboratory.
From the above definition, we can see that the objects of inspection, testing and certification are products, services and corporate organizations (directly facing the market); and the objects of recognition are institutions engaged in inspection, testing and certification (indirectly facing the market).
4. Attributes of conformity assessment activities
According to the nature of the conformity assessment activities, it can be divided into three categories: first party, second party and third party.
-The first party. Refers to the conformity assessment carried out by manufacturers, service providers and other suppliers, such as self-inspection and internal audit carried out by manufacturers to meet their own R&D, design and production needs.
-The second party. Refers to the conformity assessment performed by the demander such as the user, consumer or purchaser, such as the inspection and inspection of the purchased goods by the purchaser.
-Third party. Refers to the conformity assessment performed by a third-party organization independent of the supply and demand parties, such as product certification, management system certification, and various accreditation activities. Certification, accreditation, and the inspection and testing activities that provide proof to the society are all third-party conformity assessments.
Compared with the first-party and the second-party conformity assessment, the third-party conformity assessment is implemented by an institution with independent status and professional ability in strict accordance with national or international standards and technical specifications, which has higher authority and credibility. Therefore, gaining universal recognition from all parties in the market can not only effectively guarantee quality and protect the interests of all parties, but also enhance market trust and facilitate trade.
5. Embodiment of conformity assessment results
The results of conformity assessment are usually publicized to the public in written forms such as certificates, reports, and signs. Through this publicity proof, the problem of information asymmetry can be solved to gain the general trust of related parties and the public. The main forms are:
——Certificate and mark;
——Recognition certificate and logo;
——Inspection certificate and inspection report.
(2) Origin and development.
1. check. Inspection and testing have been accompanied by human production, life and scientific research activities. With the need for product quality control in production and trading activities, standardized, process-oriented, and standardized inspection and testing activities have developed day by day. In the later stages of the industrial revolution, inspection and testing technology and equipment have been highly integrated and complex, and inspection and testing institutions specialized in testing, calibration, and verification have gradually emerged. Inspection and testing itself has become a booming industry field. With the development of trade, there have been third-party inspection and testing institutions that provide quality services such as product safety testing and cargo identification to the society. For example, the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) established in 1894 in the United States is used in trade exchanges and market supervision. Plays an important role.
2. Certification. In 1903, the United Kingdom began to certify and affix the “kite” logo to rail products that passed inspections in accordance with the standards set by the British Engineering Standards Institute (BSI), becoming the world's earliest product certification system. In the 1930s, industrial countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan have established their own certification and accreditation systems, especially for specific products with higher quality and safety risks, and have implemented compulsory certification systems.
With the development of international trade, in order to avoid duplication of certification and facilitate trade, it is objectively necessary for countries to adopt uniform standards and rules for certification activities to achieve mutual recognition of certification results. In the 1970s, in addition to implementing certification systems within their own countries, European and American countries began to carry out mutual recognition of certification systems between countries, and then developed a regional certification system based on regional standards and regulations. The most typical regional certification system is the European Union's CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization) certification of electrical products, and the subsequent development of the European Union CE Directive.
With the increasing globalization of international trade, the establishment of a universal certification system worldwide has become a general trend. In the 1980s, countries around the world began to implement international certification systems based on international standards and rules on a variety of products, such as the electrical product safety certification system (IECEE) established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Since then, it has gradually expanded from product certification to management systems, personnel certification and other certification areas, such as the ISO9001 international quality management system promoted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and certification activities carried out in accordance with this standard.
3. Recognized. With the development of conformity assessment activities such as inspection, testing and certification, various conformity assessment agencies engaged in inspection, testing and certification activities have appeared one after another. Good and bad are mixed, making users unable to choose, and even some institutions have harmed the interests of related parties, triggering requirements for government to regulate certification The voice of institutions, inspection and testing institutions. In order to ensure the authority and impartiality of certification and inspection results, accreditation activities have emerged. In 1947, the first national accreditation body, Australia NATA, was established to first accredit laboratories. In the 1980s, industrialized countries successively established their own accreditation agencies. After the 1990s, some emerging countries have also established accreditation agencies.
With the origin and development, the certification system has gradually developed from product certification to management system certification, service certification, personnel certification and other types; with the origin and development, the accreditation system has gradually developed from laboratory accreditation to certification body accreditation, inspection agency accreditation and other types .
(3) Function and effect.
The reason why certification, accreditation, inspection and testing is a basic system of the market economy, in a nutshell, is embodied as "one essential attribute, two typical characteristics, three basic functions, and four outstanding functions".
——"An essential attribute": transfer trust and serve development.
The market economy is essentially a credit economy, and all market transactions are the common choice of market entities based on mutual trust. With the increasing complexity of social division of labor and quality and safety issues, the objective and fair evaluation and verification of market transaction targets (products, services, or corporate organizations) by a third party with professional capabilities has become a necessary link in market economic activities. Obtaining third-party certification and approval can significantly increase the trust of all parties in the market, thereby solving the problem of information asymmetry in the market and effectively reducing market transaction risks. After the birth of the certification and accreditation system, it was quickly and widely used in domestic and international economic and trade activities to convey trust to consumers, enterprises, governments, society and the world. In the process of continuous improvement of the market system and market economy system, the characteristics of certification and accreditation of "transmitting trust and serving development" will become increasingly apparent.
——Two typical characteristics: marketization and internationalization.
One is the characteristics of marketization. Certification and accreditation originate from the market, serve the market, develop in the market, and widely exist in market transactions such as products and services. It can transmit authoritative and reliable information in the market, establish a market trust mechanism, and guide the market to survive the fittest. The use of certification and accreditation methods by market entities can achieve mutual trust and mutual recognition, break market and industry barriers, promote trade facilitation, and reduce institutional transaction costs; market supervision agencies can use certification and accreditation methods to strengthen quality and safety supervision and optimize market access and affairs. Interim and ex-post supervision to standardize market order and reduce supervision costs.
The second is the characteristics of internationalization. Certification and accreditation is an internationally accepted economic and trade rule under the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Certification and accreditation is generally accepted as a common method for regulating the market and facilitating trade in the world, and a unified standard, unified procedure and unified system have been established. Mainly reflected in: First, international cooperation organizations have been established in many fields, such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), International Accreditation Forum (IAF), International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC), etc. . Their purpose is to establish an internationally unified standard and certification and accreditation system to achieve "one inspection, one test, one certification, one accreditation, and universal access". Second, a full range of certification and accreditation standards and guidelines have been established internationally, and they have been issued by international organizations such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). At present, 36 international standards for conformity assessment have It is generally adopted by various countries. At the same time, the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (WTO/TBT) also regulates national standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures, establishing reasonable goals, minimizing the impact on trade, transparency, national treatment, international standards and The principle of mutual recognition in order to minimize the impact on trade. Third, certification and accreditation methods are widely used internationally. On the one hand, they are used as market access measures to ensure that products and services meet the requirements of regulations and standards, such as the EU CE directive, Japan PSE certification, China CCC certification and other mandatory certification systems; some international market purchases Systems such as the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) also use certification and accreditation as procurement access conditions or evaluation criteria. On the other hand, as a measure of trade facilitation, it has adopted bilateral and multilateral mutual recognition to avoid repeated testing and certification, such as the Electrical and Electronic Product Testing and Certification System (IECEE) established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IECEE), the electronic component quality conformity assessment system (IECQ), and explosion-proof electrical products Mutual recognition arrangements such as the certification system (IECEX) cover more than 90% of the global economies, greatly facilitating global trade.
——Three basic functions: quality management "physical examination certificate", market economy "letter of credit", international trade "passport".
Certification and accreditation, as the name suggests, is to evaluate the conformity of products, services and their corporate organizations and issue publicity certificates to the society to meet the needs of market entities for various quality characteristics. As government departments reduce the "certificate" of access restrictions, the function of the "certificate" to enhance mutual trust and convenience among market entities is becoming more and more indispensable.
One is the "physical examination certificate" of quality management. Certification and accreditation is a process of using a variety of quality management methods to diagnose and improve whether a company's production and operation activities conform to standards and specifications in accordance with the requirements of standards, regulations, etc. It is an effective tool to strengthen overall quality management. Through certification and accreditation activities, it can help companies identify the key links and risk factors of quality control, continuously improve quality management, and continuously improve product and service quality. To obtain certification, an enterprise needs to go through multiple evaluation links such as internal audit, management review, factory inspection, measurement calibration, product type test, etc. After obtaining the certificate, it also needs to conduct regular post-certification supervision, which means a full set of "physical examinations" to continuously ensure the management system Effective operation of the system, thereby effectively strengthening quality management.
The second is the "Letter of Credit" of the market economy. The essence of market economy is credit economy. Certification, accreditation, inspection and testing convey authoritative and reliable information in the market, help establish a market trust mechanism, improve market operation efficiency, and guide the market to survive the fittest. Obtaining third-party authoritative certification is a credit carrier that proves that a business organization has the qualifications to participate in specific market economic activities and that the goods or services it provides meet the requirements. For example, ISO9001 quality management system certification is a basic condition for bidding and government procurement at home and abroad, usually for companies participating in bidding. For specific requirements such as environment and information security, ISO14001 environmental management system certification, ISO27001 information security management system certification, etc. As a qualification condition, the government procurement of energy-saving products and the national "Golden Sun" project take energy-saving product certification and new energy certification as access conditions. It can be said that certification, accreditation, inspection and testing provides market entities with credit certificates, solves the problem of information asymmetry, and plays an irreplaceable role in conveying trust for market economic activities.
The third is the "passport" for international trade. Due to the characteristics of internationalization, all countries advocate "one inspection and testing, one certification and recognition, international mutual recognition", which can help enterprises and products to enter the international market smoothly, and play a role in coordinating international market access in the global trading system. , Promoting trade facilitation and other important functions are institutional arrangements for promoting the opening of mutual markets in the multilateral and bilateral trade system. In the multilateral field, certification and accreditation is not only an international rule for promoting trade in goods under the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO), but also an access condition for some global procurement systems such as the Food Safety Initiative and the Telecommunication Union; in the bilateral field, certification and accreditation are both a free trade area (FTA). ) The convenient tool to eliminate trade barriers under the framework is also an important topic of trade negotiations and negotiations between governments on market access and trade balance. In many international trade activities, certification certificates or test reports issued by well-known international organizations are used as the prerequisites for trade procurement and the necessary basis for trade settlement. Not only that, but many countries have market access negotiations between countries. Take certification, accreditation, inspection and testing as an important content and write it into trade agreements.
——Four prominent roles: improving market supply, serving market supervision, optimizing the market environment, and promoting market opening.
2. Overview of the development of my country's certification and accreditation inspection and testing
(1) Development history.
Certification and accreditation are "imported products" in my country. my country's certification and accreditation system began at the beginning of reform and opening up in the 1970s and 1980s, and has developed with the development of my country's market economy. It can be roughly divided into three stages:
1. Pilot and initial stage of certification and accreditation (1978-1991)
-Certification field. In 1978, my country rejoined the International Organization for Standardization and began to understand that certification is an effective means of evaluating, supervising and managing product quality. In 1981, my country joined the International Electronic Component Certification Organization and established China's first product certification body-China Electronic Components Certification Committee, which marked the beginning of my country's formal use of foreign certification systems.
From the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, my country has successively established a series of product certification systems for household appliances, electronic entertainment equipment, medical equipment, automobiles, food, and fire protection products.
——Recognition field. In 1980, the former National Bureau of Standards and the former National Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau jointly sent a delegation to participate in the International Laboratory Accreditation Conference (ILAC), and international accreditation activities began to sprout in my country. In 1985, the laboratory accreditation system was introduced.
2. Full implementation stage of certification and accreditation (1991-2001)
In May 1991, Order No. 83 of the State Council formally promulgated the "Regulations on the Administration of Product Quality Certification of the People's Republic of China", marking that my country's quality certification work has entered a new stage of comprehensive and standardized implementation from the pilot.
-Certification field. At this stage, in addition to the comprehensive establishment and implementation of product certification, significant progress has also been made in the field of management system certification, and certification systems such as ISO9001 quality management system, ISO14001 environmental management system, and OHSAS18001 occupational health and safety management system have been established successively.
During this period, the most influential certification systems were the former National Bureau of Technical Supervision (Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau)’s “Great Wall Mark” certification system for national product safety access and the former National Bureau of Import and Export Commodity Inspection (Entry-Exit Inspection). Quarantine Bureau) "CCIB Mark" certification system for the safe access of imported goods.
——Recognition field. The former National Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision has successively established the National Accreditation Committee of China Quality Management System Certification Body (CNACR), China National Registration Board for Certification Personnel (CRBA), China National Laboratory Accreditation Committee (CNACL) and China National Accreditation Committee for Product Certification Body ( CNACP) to carry out the accreditation work in the domestic market; the former National Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau (Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau) successively established the China National Accreditation Board for Import and Export Enterprise Certification Bodies (CNAB) and China National Accreditation Board for Import and Export Laboratories (CCIBLAC) ) To carry out the recognition work in the import and export field.
3. The establishment and implementation of a unified certification and accreditation system (2001-present)
After my country introduced an international certification and accreditation system, under the planned economic system at that time, different departments implemented them in their respective industries, which objectively caused a series of malpractices such as separate governance, multiple management, and repeated certification. Most prominently, due to the division of the domestic and foreign markets at that time, two different certification systems were implemented for domestic and imported products, which did not conform to the internationally accepted principle of national treatment. This issue became the focus of negotiations during the "WTO" negotiations. In China's "WTO" protocol, the Chinese government has made a commitment to establish a unified product certification system, involving as many as 23 items of certification, accreditation, inspection and testing. In August 2001, in order to meet the needs of my country’s entry into the WTO and the improvement of the socialist market economy, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decided to merge the former State Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau and the State Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau to form the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, and the establishment of the State CNCA, this signifies that my country has established a unified certification and accreditation management system.
——Unification of management departments: CNCA, as the certification and accreditation supervision and management department of the State Council, is responsible for unified management, supervision and comprehensive coordination of national certification and accreditation work.
——Unification of laws and regulations: In November 2003, the State Council promulgated and implemented the "Regulations on Certification and Accreditation", which established a certification and accreditation management system that not only conforms to internationally accepted rules, but also conforms to my country's actual conditions.
(2) Work system
Since its establishment, the CNCA has established a certification and accreditation system that is fully in line with the international standards in accordance with internationally accepted rules and my country’s development reality, serving the country’s reform and opening up and economic and social development in a full range, and has played a positive role that attracts attention.
1. Legal System. A system of laws and regulations with the "Regulations on Certification and Accreditation" as the core has been established. At present, 19 laws, 17 administrative regulations, and 14 regulations have been clearly written into the terms of certification and accreditation.
2. system. In accordance with international rules and national conditions, a combination of mandatory and voluntary certification systems, national accreditation systems, qualification accreditation systems for inspection and testing institutions, and certification personnel registration systems have been established to comprehensively cover certification and accreditation inspection and testing activities. At present, compulsory product certification covers 19 categories and 142 types of products; voluntary certification includes 3 categories of products, services, and management systems and 49 subcategories; accreditation includes 12 basic accreditation systems and 27 special accreditation systems.
3. Organizational system. In accordance with the principle of “unified management and joint implementation”, an inter-ministerial joint meeting composed of the State Administration for Market Supervision (CNCA) as the competent authority, relevant ministries and commissions as the deliberative and coordinating body, and certification regulatory agencies across the country as the main body of law enforcement and supervision, The organization system of certification and accreditation inspection and testing agency as the main body of implementation.
4. Regulatory system. Established a five-in-one supervision system of "legal norms, administrative supervision, accreditation constraints, industry self-discipline, and social supervision", and implemented access management and interim and ex post supervision for certification agencies, accreditation agencies, and inspection and testing agencies.
5. standard system. All 36 international standards for conformity assessment have been equivalently converted into national standards. 94 national standards and 136 industry standards have been issued to uniformly standardize the evaluation basis.
6. Mutual recognition system for international cooperation. A total of 21 certification and accreditation international organizations have been joined, and 13 multilateral mutual recognition agreements and 121 bilateral cooperation and mutual recognition arrangements have been signed. In addition, my country has established bilateral cooperative relations with more than 30 countries and regions along the "Belt and Road", providing facilitation arrangements for serving the construction of the "Belt and Road".
(3) Development data.
1. Number of certificates
As of the end of 2018, a total of 1.937 million valid certification certificates of various types have been issued, including 643,000 for compulsory product certification and 1.294 million for voluntary certification. The total number of certificates increased by 10.5% from the end of 2017.
2. Number of companies
(1) Certified organizations: more than 625,000; (2) Compulsory product certification valid certificates involving companies: 73,569 (including 5,352 overseas companies and 68,217 domestic companies).
3. Number of institutions
There are 481 certification institutions and more than 39,000 inspection and testing institutions; 171 are accredited certification institutions and 10,439 are accredited inspection and testing institutions.
my country has issued accumulative certification and accreditation inspection certificates, the number of certified organizations has ranked first in the world for many years, and the output value of inspection and certification services has exceeded 270 billion yuan, making it the fastest growing and most potential inspection and certification market in the world.
(4) Work effectiveness.
Certification, accreditation, inspection and testing have played an increasingly significant role in improving my country's socialist market economic system, strengthening market supervision, and promoting foreign trade. In summary, it is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. To ensure quality and safety. Effectively give play to the "bottom line" role of compulsory certification in implementing market access, effectively guaranteeing product quality and safety, and protecting the interests of consumers. Since the implementation of compulsory product certification (CCC certification) in China, the spot check pass rate of lighting products has increased from 32% to 94%, and the spot check pass rate of car child safety seats has increased from less than 10% to 97%.
2. Improve the quality of supply. Effectively play the role of voluntary certification to promote quality improvement, carry out quality management system upgrade actions in millions of companies, and provide services such as smart toilet lids, rice cookers, smart home appliances and other consumer products, as well as healthcare, pension, and financial services Promote high-end quality certification in the field; promote organic, HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point), and GAP (Good Agricultural Practice) certification in the food and agricultural products industry; build an inspection, testing and certification system in strategic emerging industries such as robotics and Beidou navigation; use it everywhere The certification and accreditation methods cultivate regional quality brands such as "Made in Zhejiang", "Shenzhen Standard", and "Shanghai Quality", which has promoted the upgrading of industry and consumption. The number of management system certification certificates per unit of GDP in my country is 69.85 USD per billion, and the efficiency of the certified enterprise quality management system is 98%, reaching the international advanced level.
3. Promote green development. Vigorously promote the energy-saving, low-carbon and environmental protection certification and accreditation system, carry out third-party verification and verification of greenhouse climate emissions, and take multiple measures to guide green production and consumption. In November 2016, the State Council issued a document [2016] No. 86 issued by the State Council, deciding to integrate the environmental protection, energy saving, water saving, recycling, low-carbon, renewable, and organic products currently established separately, and establish a unified green product standard , Certification and labeling systems to promote the development of green industries. According to the calculation of certified energy-saving and water-saving products, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, a total of 220 million tons of standard coal was saved and 39 billion tons of water was saved. Actively explore the new mechanism of organic certification to help precision poverty alleviation and ecological civilization construction. Among the 592 national poverty alleviation and development key counties, 446 have organic product certification enterprises; of the 129 national organic product certification demonstration zones, 45 From poor counties.
4. Promotion of foreign trade. The international mutual recognition scope of my country's certification, accreditation, inspection and testing covers areas that account for more than 90% of the global economy, and provides convenient services of "one test, one certification, global access" for the export of a large number of products and services in my country. Taking electronic products as an example, more than 60,000 Chinese companies obtain the International Electrotechnical Commission's electrical product safety certification test certificate (IECEE-CB) each year, reducing export costs by more than 1/3 on average. Take food as an example. The food trade covered by the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) accounts for 65% of the total global food trade. After my country joined the organization’s mutual recognition system, more than 4,000 food companies have benefited from it every year.
5. Serving the transformation of government functions. With the deepening of the reform of "delegation, control and service", more and more government departments are adopting certification and accreditation methods to replace the original approval and licensing methods, changing direct management to indirect management, and promoting the transformation of government functions and management methods. In recent years, CNCA has established railway, fire protection, security, judicial authentication, intellectual property protection and other certification and accreditation systems with various industry authorities, which have effectively improved the level of industry management; in addition, there are Haidian District, Beijing, Dalian, Liaoning Province, Local governments in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province have passed ISO9001 quality management system certification, and more than 2,000 government departments have obtained certification, which has significantly improved the efficiency of management services.
(5) Powerful country indicators.
In order to accurately study the international development status of my country's certification and accreditation, and scientifically guide the construction of a strong country in certification and accreditation, the CNCA has organized and carried out research on evaluation indicators of a strong country in certification and accreditation since 2016, and established a relatively scientific, systematic and complete indicator system.
1. Index system.
The indicator system includes a first-level indicator of the Certification and Accreditation Power Index, six secondary indicators of system construction, service development, industrial strength, innovation drive, international influence, and basic capabilities, laws and regulations, system supply, trade promotion, safety assurance, and social governance , Industrial scale, quality and efficiency, service output, product innovation, technological innovation, management innovation, professional leadership, institution appointment, international mutual recognition, institution construction, and talent training 16 three-level indicators.
2. Index measurement.
According to calculations, among the 12 indicators that can be compared internationally, my country is at a relatively advanced level in four indicators including trade promotion, social governance, industrial scale, and institutional positions; laws and regulations, safety assurance, professional leadership, service export, and international exchange Six indicators, including recognition and personnel training, are at a medium level; two indicators, including quality, efficiency, and technological innovation, are relatively backward.
On the whole, my country has entered the forefront of the second lineup of international certification and accreditation, and is speeding up its way to the ranks of certification and accreditation powers.
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