The adapter used in household appliances has been certified by CCC, why is it still judged to be unqualified?

Date：2022/6/15　　Clicks：813

A cutting board sterilizer uses an adapter that has been certified by CCC, and was found to be unqualified in the sampling inspection: the protective impedance is only composed of a single component, which does not meet GB 4706.1-2005 "Safety of Household and Similar Electrical Appliances Part 1: General Requirements" Clause 22.42 of the standard requires two components for the protective impedance.

Figure 1 Cutting board sterilizer and adapter accessories

(The picture comes from the real shot)

Figure 2 A Y capacitor inside the adapter is connected across the primary and secondary

(The picture comes from the real shot)

There are opinions that: if the protective impedance of the adapter does not meet the safety standards, the CCC certification will not pass. It is unreasonable to test the adapter according to the standard of household appliances. The standard of household appliances should be tested for "chopping board sterilizer". Not an "adapter". The judgment of unqualified is that the application of the standard is wrong, and it is a wrong judgment. Is this opinion reasonable?


I personally think this opinion is unreasonable for the following reasons:

1. Not "all" adapters are in the CCC directory, some are in the directory and some are not.

The CNCA announcement stipulates that the adapters for audio, video and information equipment are in the CCC catalog, while the adapters for household appliances do not belong to the CCC catalog.

No. 18 of 2020 "Announcement of the State Administration for Market Regulation on Optimizing the Compulsory Product Certification Catalog" and the annex "Description and Definition Table of Compulsory Product Certification Catalog (Revised in 2020)" stipulated that the adapters in the CCC catalog are:

Power adapter for 0807 audio and video equipment (including charger/discharger);

●0907 computer built-in power supply and power adapter charger (see below for details).

It is worth pointing out that there is no "adapter for household appliances" in the CCC catalogue.

2. CNCA/TC04 CNCA Household Appliances Expert Group TC04-2014-02 "Technical Resolution on Requirements for Compulsory Product Certification of Household and Similar Equipment Key Components and Materials" stipulates that "power adapters" for household appliances are applicable The standard is: GB 4706.1-2005 "Safety of Household and Similar Electrical Appliances Part 1: General Requirements" (see below for details).

3. Regarding the issue of "protective impedance", there are differences between the standards for household appliances and the standards for audio and video information equipment (see below for details).

The basic standard IEC 61140 "Protection against electric shock - General aspects of installation and equipment" requires the protective impedance to consist of two components, however it allows only one component if the components are IECQ certified. The standard for capacitors as protective impedance components is IEC 60384-14, there are two parts to choose from in 3.4 Approval Tests of standard IEC60384-14:

- 3.4.1 Approval tests involving safety

- 3.4.2 Approval test for identification

For IECQ certification, it needs to be tested according to 3.4.2 "Qualification Approval Test" (type test + factory inspection every 3 months + sampling full project test).

Assuming that the Y1 capacitor type test cost is 10,000 RMB, and the factory inspection cost is 3,000 RMB, then the first year cost of the IECQ certification model is: type test 1 + (0.3+1) × 3 = 49,000 RMB

The annual maintenance certificate fee in the future is: (0.3+1)×4= 52,000 RMB

In general, the fifth model certification (type test + first factory inspection + post-certification supervision) costs for the first year: type test 1 + 0.3 = 13,000 RMB

The annual maintenance fee for the certificate is: 0.3 × 4 = 12,000 RMB

It can be seen that there is a huge difference between the cost of IECQ certification and the general fifth mode certification of Y1 capacitors, and there are almost no IECQ certified Y1 capacitors in the market.

In the face of this reality, although the basic standard stipulates two methods/schemes of "two components" and "one component certified by IECQ", the standards for information equipment IT, audio and video AV products formulated by IEC/TC108 are still 1 Y1 capacitor or 2 Y2 capacitors that accept the fifth certification mode are connected in series with double insulation/reinforced insulation, while the home appliance product standard formulated by IEC/TC61 clearly only adopts the first scheme "two components", and does not adopt the basic The second option of "unrealistic" in sexual standards.

The author personally believes that this inconsistency between different system standards will exist objectively for a long period of time in the foreseeable future.

To sum up, the product in the case is a household appliance, and the adapter is applicable to the GB 4706.1-2005 standard. A Y capacitor is connected between the DC plug and live parts that are touched by hand, which is the protection impedance defined by the standard. There is only one capacitor, not two. The capacitor is formed in series, which does not meet the requirement of GB 4706.1-2005 standard 22.42 "The protective impedance should be composed of at least two separate components".


CNCA/TC04 National Certification and Accreditation Administration Household Appliances Expert Group TC04-2014-02 "Technical Resolution on Relevant Requirements for Key Components and Materials for Compulsory Product Certification of Household and Similar Equipment"

Component Category

Component name

Corresponding standard

Sample quantity

Classification

Remark

other

Power Adapter

Random whole machine test / GB4706.1

 Class B

When testing with the whole machine, the key components inside the adapter should be listed in the type test report of the whole machine; when the certification is obtained, only the adapter can be listed in the type test report. Simplified process applicability see 2.4.4

Source of information: http://www.cnca.gov.cn/bsdt/ywzl/qzxcprz/jszjz/tc04/

No. 18 of 2020 "Announcement of the State Administration for Market Regulation on Optimizing the Catalogue of Compulsory Product Certification" and the annex "Description and Definition Table of the Catalogue of Compulsory Product Certification (Revised in 2020)"

Click here to view: "The latest compulsory product certification catalogue has been announced! A total of 17 categories of 103 products"

Product type and code

Description of the product category

The scope of products

Description or enumeration of the scope of application of the product

Remark

55. Power (0807, 0907)

It is directly connected to the AC grid power supply, and the output can be connected to audio and video products, equipment with voltage conversion functions, including power supply properties and electrical parameter conversion.

Power adapter for audio and video equipment (including charger/discharger) (0807)

Power adapters, chargers/dischargers, power converters, etc. for audio and video equipment.

Applicable standard:

GB 8898

GB/T 13837

GB 17625.1

It is directly connected to the grid power supply, and the output can be connected to information technology equipment products, equipment with voltage conversion functions, including power supply properties and electrical parameter conversion.

Adapters for information technology equipment (including chargers/dischargers) (0907)

Power adapters, chargers/dischargers, power converters, etc. for information technology equipment.

1. Applicable standards:

GB 4943.1

GB/T 9254

GB 17625.1

2. Excludes chargers designed to charge dry batteries.

It is suitable for power supply installed inside a computer or server whose rated current is less than or equal to 6A.

Computer/Server Built-in Power Supply (0907)

Computer/server internal power supply (with internal and external rules or without internal protective enclosure).

Applicable standard:

GB 4943.1

GB/T 9254

GB 17625.1

GB 4706.1-2005 "Safety of Household and Similar Electrical Appliances Part 1: General Requirements" (IEC 60335-1:2004, IDT) standard

3.3.6 Protective impedance protective impedance

The impedance connected between live parts and accessible conductive parts of class II construction which limits the current to a safe value during normal use and in the event of a possible fault condition of the appliance.

22.42 The protective impedance shall consist of at least two separate elements whose impedance is not likely to change appreciably over the life of the appliance. The values specified in 8.1.4 shall not be exceeded in the event of a short or open circuit in any of these components.

Note: Resistors conforming to 14. la) of GB 8898 (eqv IEC 60065) and Y-class capacitors conforming to GB/T 14472 (idt IEC 60384-14) are considered to be sufficiently stable impedance components.

Compliance is checked by inspection and by measurement.

GB 4943.1-2011 "Information Technology Equipment Safety Part 1: General Requirements" standard

1.5.6 Capacitors that bridge insulation

Capacitors connected between two phase wires in a primary circuit or between a phase wire and a neutral wire or between a primary circuit and the protective earth shall meet the relevant requirements of a category in GB/T 14472, and shall be its ratings are used. This requirement also applies to capacitors with double insulation or reinforced insulation used elsewhere in the bridging equipment. The specific requirements for the steady-state damp heat test specified in 4.12 of GB/T 14472 shall be as follows:

Temperature: 40℃±2℃;

Relative humidity: 93%±3%;

Test period: 21 days.

...


AC mains voltage Vr.m.s. less than and equal to

Overvoltage category

Grid power transient voltage kV

bridged insulation

Types of capacitors

number of capacitors

...

300

II

2.5

B or S

Y2

1

II

2.5

D or R

Y1

1

II

2.5

D or R

Y2

2

The values in the table apply to functional insulation (F), basic insulation (B), supplementary insulation (S), double insulation (D) and reinforced insulation (R).